Session概念
- 服务器端会话技术,在一次会话的多次请求间共享数据,将数据保存在服务器短的对象(HTTPSession)中
Session快速入门
-
获取Session对象:
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
-
使用HttpSession对象:
Object getAttribute(String name)
void setAttribute(String name, Object value)
void removeAttribute(String name)
-
代码:
@WebServlet("/sessionDemo1")
public class SessionDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//使用session共享数据
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2.存储数据
session.setAttribute("msg","hello session");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
@WebServlet("/sessionDemo2")
public class SessionDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//使用sessionhuo获取数据
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2.获取数据
Object msg = session.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 先访问Demo1在访问Demo2:
Session的原理
- Session是依赖于Cookie的
Session细节
- 当客户端关闭后,服务器不关闭,两次获取的Session默认情况下不是同一个
- 如果需要相同,则可以创建Cookie,键为JSESSIONID,设置最大存活时间,让cookie持久化保存在客户端。
- 代码:
@WebServlet("/sessionDemo3")
public class SessionDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println(session);
//期望客户端关闭后,session也能相同
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",session.getId());
cookie.setMaxAge(60*60);
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 第一此访问
- 关闭浏览器后,再一次访问
- 可以看出两次访问是同一个session
-
客户端不关闭,服务器关闭后,两次获取的Session不是同一个
- 虽然不是同一个Session,但是要确保数据不丢失,Tomcat服务器会自动做如下操作:
- session的钝化:在服务器正常关闭之前,将session对象系列化到硬盘上
- session的活化:在服务器启动后,将session文件转化为内存中的session对象即可
- 虽然不是同一个Session,但是要确保数据不丢失,Tomcat服务器会自动做如下操作:
-
Session什么时候被销毁
- 服务器关闭
- Session对象调用invalidate()
- Session默认失效时间为30分钟,也可以选择性的修改,在web.xml中添加
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
Session的特点
- Session用于存储一次会话的多次请求数据,存在服务器
- Session可以存储任意类型,任意大小的数据
案例:验证码
-
需求
- 访问带有验证码的登录页面login.jsp
- 用户输入用户名,密码以及验证码
- 如果用户名和密码输入有误,跳转登录页面,提示:用户名或密码错误
- 如果验证码输入有误,跳转登录压面,提示:验证码错误
- 如果全部输入正确,则跳转到主页success.jsp,显示:用户名,欢迎您
-
分析
- 用户输入用户名、密码和验证码,点击登录按钮
- 服务器接收到登录信息
- 设置request编码
- 获取参数Map集合
- 获取验证码
- 将用户信息风转到User对象
- 判断程序生成的验证码和用户输入的验证码是否一致
- 从Session中获取程序生成的验证码
- 一致:
- 再判断用户名和密码是否正确
- 正确:登陆成功,存储数据session,跳转到success.jsp重定向
- 不正确:给提示信息,跳转到登录页面
- 再判断用户名和密码是否正确
- 不一致:
- 给用户提示验证码错误 request转发
- 跳转到登录页面
- 一致:
- 从Session中获取程序生成的验证码
-
代码:
login.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>login</title>
<script>
window.onload = function(){
document.getElementById("img").onclick = function(){
this.src="/login_session/checkCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime();
}
}
</script>
<style>
div{
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login_session/loginServlet" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>验证码</td>
<td><input type="text" name="checkcode"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img id="img" src="/login_session/checkCodeServlet"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<div><%=request.getAttribute("cc_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("cc_error")%></div>
<div><%=request.getAttribute("login_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("login_error") %></div>
</body>
</html>
LoginSevlet
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置request编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
String checkcode = request.getParameter("checkcode");
//3.先获取生成的验证码
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String checkCode_session = (String) session.getAttribute("checkCode_session");
//删除session中存储的验证码
session.removeAttribute("checkCode_session");
//4.判断验证码
if(checkCode_session != null && checkCode_session.equalsIgnoreCase(checkcode)){
//忽略大小写比较
//验证码正确
//判断用户名和密码
if("zhangsan".equals(username) && "123".equals(password)){//需要查询数据库,此处直接简化了
//登录成功
//存储用户信息
session.setAttribute("user",username);
//重定向到success.jsp
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
}else{
//登录失败
//存储提示信息到request
request.setAttribute("login_error","用户名或密码错误");
//转发到登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}else {
//验证码不一致
//存储提示信息到request
request.setAttribute("cc_error","验证码错误");
//转发到登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
CheckCodeServlet
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width =100;
int height = 50;
//1.创建一个对象,在内存中的图片(验证码图片对象)
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
//2.美化图片
//2.1填充背景色
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色
g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);//填充范围
//2.2画边框
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
//2.3写验证码
String str = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" +
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" + "0123456789";
//生成随机角标
Random random = new Random();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
//随机数
int index = random.nextInt(str.length());
//获取随机字符
char ch = str.charAt(index);
sb.append(ch);
g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
}
String checkCode_session = sb.toString();
//将验证码存入session
request.getSession().setAttribute("checkCode_session",checkCode_session);
//2.4画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
//随机生成坐标点
int x1 = random.nextInt(width);
int x2 = random.nextInt(width);
int y1 = random.nextInt(height);
int y2 = random.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}
//3.将图片输出到页面展示
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><%=request.getSession().getAttribute("user")%>,欢迎您</h1>
</body>
</html>
- 演示
- 输入用户名密码,输入错误的验证码
- 输入错误的密码,正确的验证码
- 输入全部正确
- 输入用户名密码,输入错误的验证码
- 源码链接:https://github.com/Du-ing/Login-with-CheckCode.git
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